Ottawa’s harsh winters put even the best cold-climate heat pumps to the test. While these systems are built to perform at -25°C or even -30°C, their efficiency and reliability can be affected by weather extremes, maintenance lapses, or component wear.
A small issue, such as a clogged filter or blocked coil, can quickly escalate into a major problem if ignored, especially during a deep freeze when HVAC technicians are busiest. Learning how to spot problems early, apply basic fixes, and know when to call for help can save you hundreds of dollars and keep your home comfortable year-round.
Common Heat Pump Issues and Solutions
| Problem | Possible Cause | DIY Fixes | When to Call a Pro |
| Weak Heating Output | Dirty filter, blocked coil, low refrigerant | Replace filter, clear debris | If issue persists after cleaning |
| Outdoor Unit Frozen Over | Faulty defrost cycle, airflow blockage | Remove snow/ice around unit | If ice returns quickly |
| Short Cycling (frequent on/off) | Thermostat issue, oversized system, refrigerant problems | Check thermostat settings | If cycling continues |
| Unusual Noises | Loose components, failing motor, ice on blades | Clear ice, tighten accessible screws | For motor or fan blade issues |
| Higher than Usual Energy Bills | Reduced efficiency from dirt, leaks, or settings | Inspect filters, thermostat programming | For refrigerant leak or electrical problems |
| Bad Odors | Mold in ducts, burnt wiring smell | Clean ducts, replace filters | For electrical burning smell |
| Constant Running in Mild Weather | Thermostat miscalibration, leaky ductwork | Check thermostat, inspect vents | If duct sealing or component replacement needed |
Ottawa-Specific Troubleshooting Tips
- Snow Management: Ottawa’s heavy snowfall can quickly bury outdoor units. Maintain at least a 60 cm clearance for proper airflow.
- Defrost Cycle Awareness: Cold-climate heat pumps often switch to defrost mode in freezing weather. Steam or pauses in operation are normal unless prolonged.
- Filter Changes: With Ottawa’s extended heating season, monthly filter checks are essential for airflow and efficiency.
- After Freezing Rain: Inspect fan blades and coils for ice buildup, which can cause noise or performance drops.
- Seal Ductwork: Uninsulated or leaky ducts in basements or crawl spaces can waste heat and strain your system.
Extended Maintenance Advice
A heat pump in Ottawa’s climate works hard year-round, meaning preventive maintenance is crucial:
- Professional servicing once a year, preferably in early fall, ensures components are in peak condition before heavy use.
- Coil cleaning removes dirt that reduces heat transfer efficiency.
- Thermostat calibration ensures the system responds accurately to temperature changes.
- Refrigerant level checks prevent reduced heating capacity and system strain.
- Electrical inspections detect worn connections or failing relays before they cause failures in the middle of winter.
Pro Tip: Keep a maintenance log with filter changes, service visits, and any unusual system behavior. This helps technicians diagnose issues faster and may be required for warranty claims.
Graph: Ottawa Heat Pump Maintenance Calendar
The above graph shows a quick, visual month-by-month checklist: filter checks (Oct–Mar), snow/ice clearing (Dec–Mar), and early-fall pro service, coil cleaning, thermostat calibration, and duct inspection.
Why Early Action Matters
In Ottawa, HVAC demand spikes during extreme cold, meaning wait times for repairs can be days. By catching problems early, you reduce the risk of losing heat during dangerous cold snaps and avoid paying premium emergency service rates.
Even simple seasonal preparation, like clearing snow away from the outdoor unit after every storm, can mean the difference between reliable comfort and an unexpected mid-winter outage.
Graph: Troubleshooting Scope: DIY vs Call a Pro
The above graph a simple comparison that reinforces your guidance, lots you can do yourself, but several items warrant a licensed HVAC pro.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Why is my heat pump not heating properly?
Clogged filters, blocked outdoor coils, refrigerant leaks, or malfunctioning defrost cycles are common causes. Cleaning or professional servicing can quickly restore optimal heating performance. - Why is my heat pump freezing up in winter?
Faulty defrost controls, restricted airflow, or Ottawa’s extreme cold can cause icing. Clear debris, keep airflow open, and call a technician if ice quickly returns. - Why is my heat pump making loud noises?
Loud operation may result from loose hardware, worn bearings, or ice contacting fan blades. Address promptly to prevent further mechanical damage or reduced performance. - Why does my heat pump run constantly?
Possible causes include undersized capacity, low refrigerant, thermostat issues, or blocked airflow. Ottawa’s cold snaps can also force longer run times for consistent comfort. - Why does my heat pump smell bad?
Musty odors may indicate mold in ducts, while burning smells could mean electrical issues. Address both quickly to ensure safe and efficient operation. - How often should I service my heat pump?
At least once annually, ideally in fall before heavy use. Regular servicing ensures efficiency, extends system life, and helps prevent costly emergency repairs in Ottawa winters. - Can I repair my heat pump myself?
You can clean filters, remove debris, and check thermostat settings. For refrigerant, electrical, or mechanical repairs, always hire a licensed HVAC professional for safety. - Why is my energy bill higher than usual?
Dirty filters, refrigerant leaks, thermostat malfunctions, or duct leaks can increase energy use. Professional inspection can pinpoint and resolve efficiency losses promptly. - What should I do if my outdoor unit is covered in snow?
Turn off the system, gently remove snow and ice, then restart. Prevent recurrence by maintaining clear airflow space around the outdoor unit year-round. - Does extreme cold damage heat pumps?
Modern cold-climate models handle -25°C to -30°C, but extreme cold increases wear. Backup heating and proper maintenance help protect performance in Ottawa’s harsh winters.
Conclusion
Heat pumps are a reliable, efficient choice for Ottawa homes, but knowing how to troubleshoot issues can prevent costly breakdowns and keep your system running smoothly. Many minor problems, like dirty filters or blocked coils, can be resolved quickly with basic maintenance, but persistent or complex issues should be handled by a certified HVAC technician.
With regular upkeep, seasonal inspections, and prompt attention to problems, your heat pump can deliver comfortable, efficient heating and cooling for 15-20 years or more, even in Ottawa’s challenging climate, while keeping energy costs low and indoor air quality high.
Contact details
Heat Pump Ottawa Pros
Address: 150 Elgin St, Suite 807, Ottawa, ON K2P 1L4
Phone Number: 613-706-0838
Email: heatpumpottawapros@gmail.com
Office Hours
Monday – Sunday: 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM
